1.The kidneys may be difficult to image because of their proximity to the ribs and to air in the bowel. What can you do to optimise scanning? 2. What are the sonographic characteristics of the normal kidney? 3. How is hydronephrosis classified? 4. What are 2 causes of physiologic hydronephrosis? 5. What are 5 criteria Read more about Renal quiz[…]
Text and Images Oli Gaitsgory and Kezia Mansfield Clinical presentation: A 70 year old man with a background of metastatic colorectal cancer presents to the Emergency Department. He has a known large pelvic mass causing L ureteric obstruction, with a L ureteric stent in situ. He presents with 1 week of confusion and fevers. His blood Read more about Acute vs Chronic Hydronephrosis[…]