Text Genevieve Carbonatto The following is a summary of what you need to know before sitting the fellowship exam about ultrasound. I have put it in a table form so that it is easier to read. It is not exhaustive but will enable you to answer almost any question   Image optimisation Machine Choose correct Read more about Revision Table for Part II exam[…]

Question 1  You have been asked to assist in the purchase of a new ultrasound machine for your department. a) Describe five (5) steps you would take to gather information for this purchase. (5 marks) 1. Decide on your needs: Size of machine, complexity (Doppler/2D), image quality, ability to store images, ease of use (quick Read more about Question 1 : Purchase of ultrasound machine and credentialing[…]

Question 2 You are a consultant in charge in a tertiary emergency department at 2300 hrs. You overhear a junior medical officer who recently commenced night shift- asking a nursing staff member to arrange the discharge of a 72 year-old man, whom he has diagnosed with renal calculi. Nursing staff express their concerns with you as Read more about Question 2 : Renal colic[…]

Question 3:  a ) State the two (2) features of Inferior vena cava measurement by Ultrasound that supports a reduced central venous pressure measurement. (2 marks) IVC less than 1 cm Collapsibility index of > 50% b ) State four (4) limitations to the use of inferior vena cava measurement by Ultrasound, in the Emergency Read more about Question 3: IVC[…]

Question 4.  Describe abnormalities that you could expect to see on a focused ultrasound scan of a heart in Pericardial Effusion PE Sepsis Percardial effusion • Echofree space if effusion anechoic within pericardial space. Effusion may be echoic if it is blood or pus • Effusion may be circumferential or loculated • Effusion may have Read more about Question 4: Pericardial effusion/PE/Sepsis[…]

Question 5 What findings on transvaginal ultrasound would indicate ectopic pregnancy should be considered? • Empty uterus – no gestational sac • May have pseudosac – blood collection in uterus • Complex adnexal mass • May see ectopic pregnancy “ bagel sign” +/- Corpus luteal cyst which is often ipsilateral to the ectopic pregnancy • Read more about Question 5 : Early pregnancy[…]